Information and Communication Technology : Class 10 IT 402

1. What is Information and Communication Technology (ICT)?
Answer: ICT refers to technologies that provide access to information through telecommunications. It includes the internet, wireless networks, cell phones, computers, and other communication mediums.

2. What is the significance of a network in ICT?
Answer: A network allows multiple devices, such as computers, to connect and share resources and information efficiently. This enhances communication and collaboration in organizations and homes.

3. Explain the role of a modem in communication technology.
Answer: A modem is a device that converts digital data from a computer into analog signals that can be transmitted over a telephone line and vice versa, enabling internet connectivity.

4. What is the difference between LAN and WAN?
Answer: LAN (Local Area Network) connects devices within a small geographical area like a home or office, while WAN (Wide Area Network) covers a large geographical area, potentially spanning cities or countries.

5. What is the importance of encryption in ICT?
Answer: Encryption ensures that data being transmitted over networks is secure and protected from unauthorized access by converting the information into a coded format that can only be decrypted by authorized users.

6. What is a computer virus?
Answer: A computer virus is a type of malicious software that, when executed, replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code. It spreads by attaching itself to files or software and can cause damage or steal data.

7. What is a Trojan Horse in the context of cybersecurity?
Answer: A Trojan Horse is a type of malware that disguises itself as legitimate software. Once installed, it can cause harm by allowing unauthorized access to the user’s system, stealing sensitive data, or creating backdoors for further attacks.

8. How does a worm differ from a virus?
Answer: A worm is a type of malware that spreads from one computer to another without needing to attach itself to a program or file. Unlike a virus, which needs human action to spread (such as opening an infected file), a worm can spread automatically by exploiting system vulnerabilities.

9. What is spyware and what are its dangers?
Answer: Spyware is malware designed to secretly monitor a user’s activities, collecting personal information such as passwords, credit card details, and browsing history without their knowledge. This information can be misused for identity theft or financial fraud.

10. Explain the concept of spam in the context of digital communication.
Answer: Spam refers to unwanted, irrelevant, or unsolicited messages, often sent in bulk, typically over email. These messages can clutter inboxes, waste time, and sometimes contain malicious links or attachments that spread malware or phishing attempts.

11. How can users protect their systems from malware like viruses and trojans?
Answer: Users can protect their systems by installing and regularly updating antivirus software, avoiding opening attachments or clicking on links in unsolicited emails, downloading software only from trusted sources, and keeping their operating systems and applications updated with the latest security patches.

12. What is an operating system?
Answer: An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs. It acts as an intermediary between users and the computer hardware.

13. What are the differences between Windows, macOS, and Linux?
Answer:

Windows is a commercial operating system developed by Microsoft and is widely used in personal computers.
macOS is developed by Apple and is designed for Mac computers, known for its stability and design.
Linux is an open-source operating system, known for its flexibility, security, and use in servers and other high-performance computing systems.
14. What is the importance of preventive maintenance for computer systems?
Answer: Preventive maintenance involves regularly servicing and updating computer hardware and software to prevent failures. This includes cleaning hardware, applying security patches, updating software, and ensuring data backups. It helps extend the lifespan of the system and improves its performance.

15. Explain the term ‘defragmentation’ and its importance in computer maintenance.
Answer: Defragmentation is the process of reorganizing the data on a hard drive so that files are stored in contiguous blocks, which reduces the time the system takes to access files. This improves the overall performance of the computer, especially in older systems using mechanical hard drives.

16. What are some common tasks involved in software maintenance?
Answer: Software maintenance includes tasks such as installing updates, applying patches to fix security vulnerabilities, upgrading software to newer versions, and troubleshooting software issues. It ensures the software remains functional, secure, and compatible with other applications.

17. What is corrective maintenance in the context of computer hardware and software?
Answer: Corrective maintenance involves identifying, troubleshooting, and repairing hardware or software issues after they occur. This type of maintenance is reactive and is performed when a system fails, such as replacing faulty hardware components or reinstalling corrupted software.

18. How do you create a new folder in Windows?
Answer: To create a new folder in Windows, right-click on the desktop or inside a directory, select “New” from the context menu, and then click “Folder.” A new folder will appear, allowing you to name it.

19. What are the basic functions of a mouse in computing?
Answer: A mouse is used to control the on-screen pointer, select items, open files or folders, drag and drop objects, scroll through documents or web pages, and access context menus using the right-click button.

20. What is the purpose of right-clicking on an item in Windows?
Answer: Right-clicking on an item opens a context menu with additional options, such as “Open,” “Rename,” “Delete,” “Properties,” or “Copy,” depending on the item selected.

21. How do you use the mouse to open a folder or file?
Answer: To open a folder or file, move the pointer to the item using the mouse, then double-click the left mouse button.

22. Explain how to rename a folder using the mouse.
Answer: To rename a folder, right-click on the folder and select “Rename” from the context menu. The folder name will become editable, allowing you to type a new name. Press “Enter” to save the changes.

23. What is the function of the scroll wheel on a mouse?
Answer: The scroll wheel on a mouse is used to scroll through content vertically, such as moving up and down a web page or document, making navigation easier without needing to drag the scrollbar manually.

24. Why does a computer need maintenance?
Answer: A computer needs maintenance to ensure it runs smoothly, prevent hardware and software issues, enhance performance, secure data from malware, and prolong its lifespan. Regular maintenance includes cleaning, updating software, and troubleshooting any issues.

25. What is Boot Sector Virus?
Answer: A boot sector virus is a type of malware that infects the master boot record (MBR) of a hard drive or a bootable disk. It is executed when the computer starts up, making it difficult to remove since it can affect the system before the operating system loads.

26. Write the steps to create a new folder.
Answer:

Step 1: Right-click on the desktop or inside any directory.
Step 2: Select “New” from the context menu.
Step 3: Click “Folder” from the options.
Step 4: Type a name for the folder and press “Enter.”
27. What is GUI?
Answer: GUI (Graphical User Interface) is a user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators, rather than text-based commands. Examples include operating systems like Windows and macOS.

28. What is a Taskbar?
Answer: A taskbar is a feature in operating systems like Windows that displays open programs, shortcuts, and system icons. It typically appears at the bottom of the screen and allows users to switch between active applications easily.

29. How to Clean your Disk?
Answer:

Step 1: Open “File Explorer” and right-click on the drive you want to clean.
Step 2: Select “Properties.”
Step 3: Under the “General” tab, click “Disk Cleanup.”
Step 4: Select the files you want to delete and click “OK.”
Step 5: Confirm by clicking “Delete Files.”
30. What is DOS Operating System?
Answer: DOS (Disk Operating System) is a command-line-based operating system used in early personal computers. It allows users to interact with the system by typing commands and is known for its simplicity and low resource usage.

31. One example of Worms virus?
Answer: An example of a worm virus is the ILOVEYOU worm. It spread through email in 2000, causing significant damage by overwriting system files and sending itself to the victim’s contacts.

32. Why do we need to scan the computer?
Answer: We need to scan the computer to detect and remove malware, viruses, spyware, and other harmful programs that can compromise the system’s security, degrade performance, or steal personal information. Regular scans help maintain the overall health and security of the computer.

33. What is Malware?
Answer: Malware is malicious software designed to damage, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems. It includes viruses, worms, Trojan horses, spyware, and ransomware, which can steal data or harm the computer’s functionality.

34. Write the steps to rename a folder.
Answer:

Step 1: Right-click on the folder you want to rename.
Step 2: Select “Rename” from the context menu.
Step 3: Type the new name for the folder.
Step 4: Press “Enter” to save the new name.
35. What is CUI?
Answer: CUI (Character User Interface) is a user interface that allows users to interact with a computer through text-based commands rather than graphical elements. An example is the MS-DOS operating system, where users type commands to perform tasks.

36. What is a System Tray?
Answer: The system tray, also known as the notification area, is a section of the taskbar in Windows operating systems. It displays icons for background applications and system alerts, like the clock, volume control, network status, and antivirus notifications.

37. How to Clean your Disk?
Answer:

Step 1: Open “File Explorer” and right-click on the drive you want to clean.
Step 2: Select “Properties.”
Step 3: Click “Disk Cleanup” under the “General” tab.
Step 4: Select the files to delete and click “OK.”
Step 5: Confirm by clicking “Delete Files.”
38. What is the Windows Operating System?
Answer: Windows is a graphical operating system developed by Microsoft that allows users to run applications, manage files, and interact with hardware. It features a GUI, supports multitasking, and is widely used for personal computers and business applications.

39. One Example of a Trojan Horse Virus?
Answer: An example of a Trojan horse virus is Zeus (Zbot). It is a type of malware that appears legitimate but steals banking information by logging keystrokes and compromising sensitive financial data.